IBM/Lotus Notes Client/Domino Server

Here are my notes and comments about IBM Lotus Notes Client and Domino server for workgroup computing

Take the Brainbench certification test on LotusScript R5 Programming and Lotus Domino R5 Programming

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Companies & Products

Notes was created by Ray Ozzie, who went on to found P2P pioneer Groove Networks (which, ironically, has funding from Microsoft).

Lotus was purchased by IBM in 1991.

Lotus claimed a market share of 55 million seats worldwide.

Releases and Prices of Products

Domino R5 Server lists for $1,795. Lotus Notes R5 is $69 per user. Lotus Domino R5:
• allows admins to centrally modify client configurations instead of physically hopping around.
• provides visual monitoring of the health of every server from a central admin terminal

“Raven” was the code word for the Knowledge Management product, which enabled clients to use IE 5.x browsers to customized portal sites. Raven (also IBM) uses DB2 (IBM's relational database product) to host and classify information from Domino databases, file systems, or HTML web pages.

Support for multiple languages is enabled at the database level by checking the “Multilingual database” property in the database properties design tab. After enabling this property, also select the default language and region. The user client browser is configured to specify which language is served from a Domino web server. On the fly???

Tools for Managing Linux and Domino servers

Download Incremental Installer (updates) from Notes.Net (requires registration)

Lotus R5.0.5 Release Notes

Product Comparisons

Microsoft's competitive analysis vs. Exchange

G2Sys found a 25% improvement in performance between R4 and R5

What's Happening with Lotus Domino? 6 September 2000 article by Greg Neilson, author of Lotus Domino Administration in a Nutshell

IBM Redbook: Eight Steps to a Successful Messaging Migration: A Planning Guide for Migrating to Lotus Notes and Domino

Domino Architecture Configuration

Different clients

Each client is invoked with one of these .exe file, which then invoke a single nlnotes.exe process. The memory in this table is the additional memory taken.

Service Name	Exe	nlnotes.exe Memory
Notes client	notes.exe	16,224
Designer for Domino for creating and modifying applications.	designer.exe	13,544
Domino Administrator to register users and servers; monitor and maintain the Domino environment.	admin.exe	12,800

Notes Minder is a background process (on the sytem tray) that checks mail and monitors calendar alarams without Notes running.

This graphic still under construction:

Download this Visio 2000 graphic file.

Physical File Names & Formats

.nsf is the file extension for Notes data files. nsf stands for Notes Storage Facility. The NSF version for all files are shown in SHOW DIRECTORY lists:
SH DIR

Each version of Domino improves on its internal data File Format, called ODS (On Disk Structure).

File ext.	NSF version	ODS	Capabilities
?	V3	17
.ns4 or .nsf	V4	20
.nsf	V5	41	>4GB size, transaction logging, in-place compaction

The compact command converts an R4 .nsf (not .ns4) database to R5 ODS. Its -R option reverses such conversion.

Lotus databases contain unstructured, or “loose” records. Each basic record, called a note, is created with a randomly generated 4-byte NoteID and a 16-byte UNID (Universal Note ID). These numbers are shown under the propeller hat tab. The Note-id (numbers prefixed with “NT”) is unique within a database. The UNID is unique across all replicas of its database because it contains the OF (Orginator id File) and ON (Originator id-Note) of the database being replicated.

The physical location of a NoteID is specified in its RRV (Record Relocation Vector).

File Size Limitations

• Database file names can be up to 8 characters.
• Domino Database names can have no more than 32 characters.
• Domino databases can hold up to 16GB.

The absolute size limit for each database is set when the database is created.

The Database Transaction log file is 192 MB by default, in \LOGDIR, with a maximum limit of 4096 MB.

Databases from Templates

.ntf is the file extension for Notes template files , which contains design elements used to create .nsf databases (unless "Prohibit design refresh or replace to modify").

When the first domino server is installed in a Domino Domain, the install program creates a new Domino Directory file (NAMES.NSF), called the Public Name and Address Book (PNAB) in previous versions. Subsequent servers receive a replica of that file. Additional directories are created from the PUBNAMES.NTF template.

All identifiers are based on the Cert.id created by the first Domino server installed. Each organization adds its stamp to it.

Within a Domino domain, Servers in different geographical locations or connected using a modem can be separated into subgroups called Domino Named Networks (DNN). Like a Microsoft Active Directory site, servers within each DNN are constantly connected with the same protocol. So DNNs is usually named with a combination of location name and protocol, such as “HOUSTON_IP”.

Lotus Domino organizes mail routing paths in a domain defined in a single Domino Directory.

Searches for users and groups reference, in turn, these services which use NAMES.NSF:

• Directory Catalog service
• Directory Assistance (DA50.NTF)
• LDAP service

A database is enabled to receive mail by creating a Mail-in Database Server configuration document from within the Domino Directory. Author access with the "Create Documents" privilege and the Net Creator role are needed for this action. This contains the filename for the mail-in database.

The mail-in name for the database is the name used in the SendTo field of mail messages addressed to the database.

File Cleanup

When a file is deleted, Domino keeps a deletion stub so that it knows not to replace that file from a replica.

To repair a corrupted file:


NCOMPACT

Documents

Domino keeps its metadata in various documents:
• Domain
• Server ports, security, tasks, protocols
• Configuration Settings
• Resource rooms
• Certificates
• Program tasks
• Holiday
• Group
• Location
• Person
• Addin Database
• Mail-in Database
• External Domain Network Information
• Connection

IBM Redbook: A Roadmap for Deploying Domino in the Organization

IBM Redbook: Connecting Domino to the Enterprise Using Java

IBM Redbook: Using Domino Workflow examples

IBM RedPaper: Notes and Domino Connectivity - A Collection of Examples using LotusScript Extension for Lotus Domino Connectors (LSX LC) and LotusScript Data Objects (LS:DO).

IBM Redbook: Lotus Notes and Domino Take Center Stage: Upgrading from R4 to R5

IBM Redbook: Getting the Most From Your Domino Directory

IBM Redbook: XML Powered by Domino How to use XML with Lotus Domino

IBM RedPaper: Building a Portal with Lotus Domino R5 (step-by-step).

Connections

Using the general form of URL syntax for Domino

http://Host/Database/DominoObject?Action&Arguments

To open a database:

http://199.99.99.99/domcfg.nsf/?open

To open a form to change URLRedirect object:

http://199.99.99.99/domcfg.nsf/URLRedirect/?OpenForm

Lotus Notes and Domino authenticate each other in a session using Notes Remote Procedure Calls (NRPC) in nNNTPCL.EXE. DECS (Domino Enterprise Connection Services) connects clients to external data sources. nhldaemn.EXE

An example using the Domino URL Startkey command to reload s sorted column view to a specified search string

Installation

The Customize button enables the installation of files to run Domino as an NT service and use NT performance monitor.

Ports

To force use of port 636 for LDAP over SSL, shut down default port 389 for LDAP.
To force use of port 993 for IMAP over SSL, shut down default port 143 for IMAP.
To force use of port 995 for POP3 over SSL, shut down default port 110 for POP3.

Settings in Notes.ini file

Lotus keeps its notes.ini configuration file in the Destination folder (not in the Windows/WINNT folder). This file is not replaced by upgrades. It is not needed by Notes clients.

Some default settings need to be higher for busy servers and networks:

• Input Timeout default is 2 minutes,
• Output Timeout of 20 minutes should not be higher, so increase cache directory or add more system memory.
• CGI Timeout needs more than the default 5 minutes for CGI programs to finish executing.
• Set Idle Thread Timeout to 5 - 10 minutes rather than default 0 for infinite.

Registry

During installation, Lotus creates key in the Windows Registry for file extensions .ndl, .ns2, .ns3, .nsf, .nsg, .nsh, .ntf,
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\ .xxx \Shell \Open \Command = notes.exe %1
Also, within a CLSID, LocalServer32, within Installer\Components, and within

Registration data is stored in registry key HKEY_CURRENT_USER \Software \IBM \Product Registration \Lotus

Uninstall

Uninstallation from Control Panel does not erase configuration files in the Notes folder nor the notes registry keys under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.

Users and Groups authentication

A client can be established with a personal ID or as a ___ with a security certificate.

Organization

Lotus uses the term Organization two ways: the whole naming scheme and the highest level in a hierarchial name, such as:
User1/Dept1/Domain1

The hierarchy is limited to 4 levels. Not counted in this limit are optional levels unique to Lotus Notes — the User Unique Organization Unit (UUOU) used to distinguish users with the same name.

$35 Domino System Administration : Administering Domino for Lotus Notes & the Internet by Rob Kirkland. New Riders 1999. 850 pages is the highest rated book on Domino.

Lotus Notes Implementation Recommendations

IBM Redbook: Lotus Notes and Domino R5.0 Security Infrastructure Revealed

Vulnerabilities > Email Systems > Lotus Notes/Domino

The Certification Log is not automatically created during installation. To renew a certificate: perform File | Tools | User ID | Certificates | Request Certificate This creates certlog.nsf using the template certlog.ntf.

Workflows

Workflow applications

• Customer order processing
• Writing and approving contracts
• Employee record change
• Travel expense report reimbursement

  Benefits

• Task automation
• Expedited Approvals
• Increased process efficiency
• Error reduction
• Production cost reduction

  There are two methods of workflow distribution (routes):

  1. “Distribution through Routing” emails workflow objects (mail-enabled forms) to users for them to return via email. MailFormat

  2. “Parallel/Serial Distribution” emails tell users to logon into a workflow database.

$32 Programming Workflow Applications With Domino by Daniel Giblin & Richard Lam. May 2000. Details an application written mostly by coding Java agents.

Security Certificates

A certificate is a digitally signed message added by a certifier to a Notes ID file.

Recovery information is stored in the certifier ID. The recovery password is stored in the User ID.

Mail encryption. Station, Form, View Access and Workstation ECL Field Access: Authors, Encryption, Readers, Signing

IBM Redbook: Lotus Notes and Domino R5.0 Security Infrastructure Revealed

Vulnerabilities > Email Systems > Lotus Notes/Domino

Certificate Authorities

Cryptography and Encryption

Domino Server Services & Databases

These services are started when nserver.exe is invoked:

Service Name	Server Task	NT .Exe	KB NT Memory	Databases
Directory Catalog	DIRCAT	nserver	26168	DIRCAT.NSF
		nservice	3688	DOMCFG.NSF custom error messages
Database Replicator	-	nreplica	7184	LOG.NSF
Cluster Replicator	CLREPL	nreplica	???	CLDBDIR.NSF
Mail Router		nrouter	7988	MAIL.BOX contains dead and pending mail
Index Update process		nupdate	4156
Stats agent	COLLECT	nstats	1576	EVENTS4.NSF, STATREP.NSF
Administration Process		nadminp	1864	ADMIN4.NSF Admin Requests CERTLOG.NSF Certification Log CLDBDIR.NSF
Event Monitor		nevent	2004
Agent Manager (one for each agent)		namgr	1688	AGENT-LOG
Amager Executive	AMGR
HTTP Web Server	HTTP	nhttp	1440	ACCESS-LOG, REFERER-LOG, EROR-LOG, CGI-ERROR-LOG
Message Tracking Collector	MTC	-	--	- MTSTORE.NSF in MTDATA
?	?	npop3	--	-
?	?	nsched	--	-
?	?	calconn	--	-
?	COMPACT	?	--	-

Memory numbers are from Task Manager for Lotus Domino 5.0.7.

To automatically start tasks, include them in the ServerTasks= line in the NOTES.INI file.

To stop and restart the HTTP service manually from the Domino server console:

TELL HTTP QUIT
TELL HTTP RESTART

When a statistic reaches a threshold, an Alarm Trouble Ticket is created. Event trouble ticket becomes an event.

The nstats.exe agent process collects statistics and events to file statrep.nsf based on the list of thresholds, messages, and servers to monitor specified in file events4.nsf.

Events in Lotus have these severity levels:

• Fatal
• Failure
• Warning (High)
• Warning (Low)
• Normal

To rebuild the Directory Catalog:

TELL DIRCAT DIRCAT.NSF

Database Design Elements

Data within a document is stored as items in the Domino database.

Rich Text fields are comprised of several CD (Compound Document or Composite Data) records containing text mixed with font and style formatting attributes.

Elements: Actions, Agents, Columns, Fields, Forms, Subforms, Framesets, Outlines, Pages, Views

To use a different name for display to users, create an alias by adding a vertical bar "|" to separate the name and the alias. The alias is always to the right of the vertical bar.

The "Window Title" text can be static, or dynamic, or "Untitled".

Avoid hard coding paths by identifying the path to the current database

Passwords

Make the server password optional so that servers start without manual intervention.

Download the NotesPeek 1.52 for R5 by Ned Batchelder. Use it to see all contents in Notes databases and NOTES.INI files (such as hidden object IDs) without formatting. It presents the Notes API containment hierarchy as a graphical tree structure, 160 icons, in these 5 sections:
• Database information,
• Access Control List,
• Design Elements,
• Documents, and
• Deletion Stubs

Vance Jochim's List of "Super-Human" Skills Requirements for Lotus Notes & Domino Professionals

Perry Smith's Lotus Notes Questions And Answers

Sample chapters from Special Edition Using Lotus Notes and Domino R5

Developer's Guide to Lotus Notes and Domino R5 by Brett Molotsky and Curt Holmer author's page

IBM Developerworks articles on Lotus (requires registration)

ACL (Access Control Lists)

ACLs limit access to databases. The ACL define what actions each type of user is allowed to take.
Legend: Y=Yes by default, N=No, O=Optionally

Action	Manager	Designer	Editor	Author	Reader	Depositor	No Access
Read public documents	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	O	O
Write public documents	Y	Y	Y	O	O	O	O
Create documents	Y	Y	Y	O	N	Y	N
Delete documents	O	O	O	O	N	N	N
Create LotusScript/Java agents	Y	O	O	O	O	N	N
Create personal agents & folders/views	Y	Y	O	O	O	N	N
Create shared Folders/views	Y	Y	Y	O	N	N	N
Create/Modify all database design elements, Create full text search index	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N
Encrypt database, Modify replication settings, Modify database ACL, Delete database	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N

Shaded cells designate the data and who can push it for replication

Users obtain the highest level of group or explicit access when assigned to multiple groups with different access levels. To replicate, a server needs to be at least an Editor.

Only one server should have Manager access to a database. If the ACL of databases in a replica are changed, one of them would be lost during replication.

Access lists of design elements further restrict access granted by ACLs.

• Authors can edit the documents they create. If there is an Auths Authors field on the form, the user must be listed in the Authors field. Authors have Reader access by assumption.
• Reader access allows you to read all documents unless there is a Rdrs Readers field on the form. Then you can read a document only if your name is listed in the Readers field.

Replication Type

.	Replication Style	Command
Two-way replication mechanisms:	Push-Pull: a workload server both pulls in and pushs out: Pull-Pull: Servers pull from each other	replicate server filename
One way replication mechanisms:	Depositor users can not pull, only push replications from a server.	push server filename
	Reader users can not push, only pull replication of changes from a server.	pull server filename

Indexes are not replicated.

Replications can pass through another server.

Topology	How	Uses	Limitations
End-to-End	Each server calls the next one.	Branch offices around the world	ACLs must be the same on every server participating in replication.
Mesh	Every server replicates with each other server.	Trading	Practically, only 4 servers can participate.
Hub-to-spoke	One server pushes changes to other servers.	Missives from a central HeadQuarters.

Replicas can have a different filename than the database being replicated.

Replicas need not be on other machines. Several users can share an address book by making a replica of the names.nsf database with a different name (i.e., names2.nsf) on the same server. The other users get get ACL rights to open and bookmark the names2.nsf.

By default, replication is performed to all files identified with the same Replica ID displayed in Database Properties Information tab.

Replication occurs in this order:

1. ACL changes
2. Design changes
3. Document changes

To perform field-level replication, Domino compares the document's Sequence Number with the sequence number on a replication alert:

• If the number is unchanged, replication is performed.
• If both have been changed:
  • if Merging has been enabled:
    ...
  • if Merging has NOT been enabled, a conflict document is produced.
    • Fewest edits
    • Least recently modified

The Replication service:

• is enabled with this line in the Notes.ini file:
  ServerTask=Replica
• can be scheduled in the Connection document or initiated manually:
  load replica
• can run a maximum on 10 replica tasks at the same time

The highest level of detail in logs is controlled with this configuration parameter:

LOG_REPLICATION=4

Here is a list of factors affecting replication, arranged in a way to better remember what goes where:

Layer	Identification	Controls	Processing
Server	Authentication	Access List	Replication Type	Schedule
Database	Replica ID Replica ID Cache	Access Control Lists	Replication Settings	Replication History
Document		ACL Roles Read & Author Access	Replication Settings	Replication History

The Server Connection document specifies whether the replication task is enabled, the Replication Type Style, and the Time Limit.

Most replication problems occur because of inaccurate server ACL configuration settings in the databases. So first replicate the partner's ACL in File > Replication > Setting > Advanced > Replicate Incoming > Access Control List.

Clustering

An Enterprise server license is needed for clustering and Partitioning. Internet Cluster Manager (ICM) is used for fail-over and load balancing.

Notes.Net archive: Implementing and Maintaining R5 Domino Clusters

To list status of clusters:

SHOW CLUSTER

When a server is 100% busy, it's really slow. So make set NOTES.INI

Server_availability_threshold=80

To stop new session from being started on a server, change in NOTES.INI

Server_Restricted=1

Partitioning

A server is Partitioned when several server applications run on the same (big) physical machine.

Access Control Roles

To modify a mail-in configuration form, users need to have the Net Modifier role in the Domino Directory.

Group Types

• Multi-Purpose
• Access Control List only
• Mail Only
• Servers only
• Deny List only

ECL (Execution Control List)

Administrators specify ECLs to limit what actions Notes formulas, scripts, and Java applets can be executed by a Notes client. When a database is opened and code executed, Notes compares the permissions allowed in the ECL to the signature of the ID used to sign the element that is executing the code. If that signature matches an entry in the ECL, or if that permission is allowed by default, that action will be permitted.

$28 Mastering Lotus Notes R5 by Scot Haberman and Andrew Falciani Sybex © 1999 , 785 pages

$35 Mastering Lotus Notes and Domino R5 Premium Edition by Scott Haberman and Andrew Falciani Sybex © 2000, 1104 pages

Agents

Java Applets require the Domino Inernet Inter-Orb Protocol (DIIOP) task and the IIOP protocol to access a Domino ORB listener program which processes Java requests.

.

Tools

Team Studio

Domino Files — The Ultimate Download Site for Notes Professionals

IntelliPRINTPLUS from Cybernet Software integrates with the Notes Workspace to allow the end user to design reports and produce sophisticated output based on Notes data. It enables easy and accurate printing of labels, envelopes, calendars, bar codes, pre-formatted documents, forms and reports.

Netwell doclib

Bakbone Application Plugin Module for online backup and recovery automatic, unattended backups for local or remote domino servers across the network — administered via a central location,

Create a B2B Web Presence with Domino tutorial includes sample databases.

Forms

Put into a Script Library file the functions used by several forms within a database. In the Options event of each form's Globals area, declare (if “mylib” is the name of the script library):

Use "mylib

To call “my_function” from the library

Actions (such as Print and Save Me) are shortcuts that perform a task when a button is pressed. Shared actions and Shared fields in shared subforms are Design Resources which can be created once, then inserted into several forms and views for the same database. This avoids formatting inconsistentcies.

Lotus provides these field types in addition to Text, Date/time, Checkbox, Radio button, Listbox, Combobox, Password:

• Names
• Rich text, which can contain file attachments or OLE links to Microsoft Excel or other documents on Windows platforms.
• Formula (introduced in R5) for processing database subscriptions.
• Author and Reader lists to further restrict ACLs.

Collections (groups) of Fields on a form are called sections used for formula Controlled Access.

Formulas can be used to determine which subform is displayed dynamically.

Types of fields: reserved, conditional/unconditional, hidden, keyword, signed, mail enabled, workflow related form attributes

Tiff image formats are not supported.

Keyboard Shortcuts

F9 to refresh

Keyboard shortcuts for Microsoft Windows, Office, and other applications

Get Yourself Certified in Lotus Notes/Domino

Lotus (a division of IBM) provides certification tests on R4 and R5 as well as a new path on “Collaborative Solutions” using the Lotus Discovery and Sametime products.

You become a Certified Lotus Specialist (CLS) after passing one CLP test. You become a Certified Lotus Professional (CLP) after passing all the core exams for one of the job roles. You become Principled after passing one additional elective for a role.

CLP R5 Domino System Administrator:

Core
1. Exam 520 Maintaining Domino R5 Servers and Users [CramSession]
2. Exam 521 Implementing a Domino R5 Infrastructure [CramSession]
3. Exam 522 Deploying Domino R5 Applications
Electives:
• Exam 523 Transitioning a Domino Infrastructure to R5
• Exam 525 Performance Tuning a Domino R5 Infrastructure

CLP R5 Domino Application Developer:

Core
1. Exam 510 Domino R5 Designer Fundamentals [CramSession]
2. Exam 511 Domino R5 Application Security and Workflow [CramSession]
3. Exam 512 Domino R5 Application Architecture [CramSession]
Electives:
• Exam 273 LotusScript in Notes for Advanced Developers
• Exam 513 Using JavaScript in Domino R5 Applications
• Exam 516 Using Java in Domino R5 Applications
• Exam 517 Maintaining Data Access with LEI

All these exams are administers at test centers managed by Prometric (800-745-6887) or CATGlobal. For $100 USD, you have 60 minutes to correctly answer 70% of 40-60 multiple-choice questions.

Certified pros can get into Lotus' private site to access transcripts, numbers, logos, and mingle with other certified people.

Subscribe to the CLiPpings monthly newsletter for articles, news, and updates on Lotus certifications. It's published jointly by Lotus and Group Computing magazine Lotus professional (e-ProMag.com).

Cramsession provides an excellent overview

Certification Featured Stories

Sample Test Questions

Learn That

Self Test practice tests

Thomas Consulting


$60 Lotus Notes and Domino R5 All-in-One Exam Guide McGraw-Hill, 07/01 Hard cover 1326 pages

Lucas W's Advanced CLP provides sample questions for elective LotusScript exam 273 and Transitioning exam 523.

Resources

Newsletters & Magazines

$347/year eView Technical Journal for Lotus Notes & Domino
IRIS on Notes.Net
$79/year Lotus Notes & Domino R5 Advisor Magazine article archive
Lotus e-Pro Magazine (formerly Domino Pro Magazine and Group Computing magazine)
DominoPower back issues
Books 24x7 on-line (requires subscription)
Groupware, Workflow, Email, Calendar, Collaborative Software Technical Knowledge Bases

Conventions

IBM's Lotusphere is the annual convention (in January). See the sponsors!
Advisor's Lotus DevCon 2002 8 - 12 September, 2002 at the Marriott Baltimore Waterfront Hotel in Maryland
Admin2002 for Notes/Domino administrators

Consultants

• David Gurteen
• Jenoo, based in Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
• Essex Tech

  Hands-on Live Courses

• Learning Tree
• BBC article on R5: Good Points, Bad Points, History
• Ames Training in Auckland, New Zealand
• The Learning Continuum Company
• New Horizons

  Live Local Users Groups

• St. Louis Domino/Notes User Group
• Orange County Domino User Group
• Los Angeles County Domino User Group
• New Jersey Lotus Notes Users Group

  Online Communities

• Domino Hive - The Breaking News and Networking Center for Domino
• Domino Developer Network
• Lotus Notes/Domino Developer's SIG

  comp.groupware.lotus-notes.admin
  comp.groupware.lotus-notes.misc
  comp.groupware.lotus-notes.programmer

Links

Google directory for Lotus Notes
DMOZ list
Lotus-Domino-Start4All is chock full'o links
Webdesk Lotus Notes Domino Resource Links

Searchdomino . techtarget .com/
About Guide to Lotus Notes Domino
LotusDomino.com has a full set of resources

Book Lists

• Softpro books on R5
• Greymatter book lists
• Books listed by Pearson Technology
• eCampus
• List of books

  On-line Tutorial Products

• Learnkey offers classes by Libby Schwarz and Steve Oliver
• Recor network based training
• Indiana University South Bend Continuing Education offers classes at $149 each.
• Thompson Netg on-line courses
• John Redmond's PGNOTE
• NotesDesign
• Article on R5, May 1999 article
• Click2Learn
• Lotus Education Academic Partners (LEAPs)
• UC Davis Smart Force curriculum
• SmartCertify online training courses
• e-Training Online
• R5 Courseware.com in the UK
• Bloom Group in UK
• Keystone

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