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| Abbreviation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| INT | Interior |
| EXT | Exterior |
| F/U | Fade up |
| CU | Closeup |
| WS | Waist shot |
| LS | Long shot |
| POV | Point of view |
| O/S | Over shoulder |
| LD | Lock down camera on tripod |
With "Hollywood" movie productions, camera angles and shots are specified by the director, not the screenwriter. Including them in the dialog of a screenplay may detract from its rhythm and readability.
Video editing suites offer a lot of different effects. Try them out and note in the script where one may be applicable.
Our lives are frittered away by details; simplify, simplify. — Henry David Thoreau
"Pre-roll" display introductory titles,
"Post-roll" display ending credits.
If you have flat images such as photographs, envision how you want
the viewer's eye to pan and zoom
into parts of the photograph (like Ken Burns does with his documentaries on the Civil War and other topics).
The layout used for writing movie scripts etc. is a pretty rigidly (and somewhat arbitrarily) defined convention Here is CSS for a screenplay.
Making Computer Videos
body { font-family: "Courier New", "Courier", monospace;
font-size: 12pt;}
p { margin: 12pt 0px 12pt 1.5in; width: 6.5in; }
p.dialogue { margin: 0px 0px 0px 3in; width: 3in; }
p.name { margin: 12pt 0px 0px 4.2in; width: 1.8in; }
p.action { margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.7in; width: 1.5in; }
Narratives use a regular paragraph <p>.
<p class="name"> designates the actor talking, followed by the dialogue.
Among the massive red rocks of Sedona, Arizona, for 4 weeks in July (for $125 per week), Dan Gordon (928.649.4276) and Stephan Schultze conduct at the Zaki Gordon Institute for Independent Filmmaking (ZGI) a documentary film school through Yavapai College. What a bargain! Cheaper than GeniusDV. The workshops teach use of Apple's Final Cut Pro.
Screenwriting-on-the-net.com has a good list of links.
Final Draft
This extract from my page on screen resolutions are discussed below:
ATSC tuners are needed by older analog TVs to receive on-air HDTV broadcasts. because old analog TVs cannot display progressive-scan DVD media or HDTV signals, which are digital. But FTC requires new TVs to have this. The older "480p" is for EDTV (Enhanced-Definition TV) plasma TVs which display HDTV signals at 852x480 pixels. The "1080 Full HDTV" format (used by CBS, NBC Olympics, HDNet, and others) displays 1080 horizontal lines, each with 1920 pixels for widescreen 16:9 pixel aspect ratio, using two variations:
The "i" in "1080i" is for "interlaced" presentation, where 540 odd lines are written, then 540 even lines. This can cause images to appear jagged .
The "720p" HDTV production format (adopted by ABC for HDTV Monday Night Football and MS Media Center and XBox 360) has 720 horizontal lines, each with 1280 pixels. This inferior standard was created by Microsoft so it can claim it is displaying "HD" on lower resolution (now older) computer video screens. Get HDTV with a DVI/HDCP (Digital Visual Interface/ High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) connections digitally carries high-bandwidth video signals and 8 channel audio, plus control signals. Most PC monitors do not have a speaker. Most people want sound to go through the headphone jack on the PC. This means when using HDMI you need to go into Control Panel. Imaging Science Foundation (ISF) trains professionals to calibrate televisions, Plasma TVs are cheaper to make, but are more susceptible to "burn-in" than LCD panels. These incorporate the video codec with the video: Camatisa Studio, BINK, and SonicDVDit cDVD format. |
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| Platform | Playback Service | MPEG Compressor | File Format | Procedure for output |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows | Windows MediaPlayer | MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MP3 | *.mpg, *.mpe, *.mp3, *.avi | |
| QuickTime 5.0 and later | MP3 | *.avi | ||
| Mac OS | Windows MediaPlayer | MP3 | *.mp3 | |
| QuickTime 3.0 and later | MPEG-1 | *.mov |
DivX = MPEG4 provides a compromise.
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"Creating Video with Adobe Premiere" tutorial from UC Berkeley Multimedia Research Center
Other Photoshop tutorials:
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| Light Source | Degrees Kelvin |
|---|---|
| Single candle burning | 1930 |
| 25-250W Household incandescent lamp | 2600-2900 |
| 500-1000W Studio tungsten lamp | 3000 |
| 2000W Studio tungsten lamp | 3275 |
| Quartz/tungsten halogen lamp | 3400 |
| Potoflood | 3400 |
| Fluorescent lamps | 3000-6500 |
| Sunrise & Sunsets | 2000-3000 |
| 1 hour after sunrise | 3500 |
| Sunless daylight | 4500-4800 |
| Midday sun | 5000-5400 |
| Overcast sky | 6800-7800 |
| Hazy sky | 8000-9000 |
| Clear blue North sky | 10000-20000 |
Foot candles?
tubetape.com sells royalty-free background motion graphics for chroma-key.
When using a true green or true blue chroma-key background, light the back screen well and avoid making shadows by standing at least 4 feet away.
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| Sound Source | Loudness amplitude Decibels (db) |
|---|---|
| Outdoor silence | 10 |
| Quiet whisper | 20 |
| Normal conversation | 60 |
| Airplane cabin | 80 |
| Heavy traffic | 85 |
| Niagara Falls | 95 |
| Prop. plane taking off | 110 |
| Jet plane taking off | 125 |
| loudest measurable | 194 |
Graphic equalizers have markings for hertz and db. One sound mastering technique to make sounds "clearer" is to boost 4kHz by 2-3db, because most humans notice difference in volume every 3 db.
To keep pop sounds from being picked up,
use a microphone with a shield, such as the $35 Shure ""Popper Stopper Pop Filter"
for the $200 Shure PG45 Vocal Microphone.
ASIN: B001U1IVBI.
When editing, adjust volume up/down gradually -- slightly before strategic points in the video.
Leading in with sound helps the audience anticipate the next scene.
In Premiere, open up the audio by clicking the arrow. Click the red line to create an inflection point, which is pulled above or below the dark green line to raise or lower the volume.
If you cut the sound, all sounds following it will be pulled in.
So you may prefer to silence some sounds to keep the total time
of your recording the same (in sync with video).
Almost every TV sold today has MTS stereo reception and stereo speakers.
$250 Cool Edit from Syntrillium transforms sound files for noise reduction and other feats.
Voice remover plug-in for DirectX and WinAmp.
Audio Hijack Pro from Rogueamoeba.com ($32) grabs sound going to the speakers from any application.
Pamela from Pamela-Systems.com grabs sound going to the speakers from Skype.
Audacity or AudioDub
This toilet flush
sounds three dimensional from only two speakers because it was processed by
the NuReality Vivid 3D(tm) system, which adds indirect ambient sound to recreate the "live" feeling of the original performance.
It's based on the work of Arnold Klayman who completed SRS (Sound Retrieval System) technology
in 1988 after 10 years of research at Hughes Aircraft Corporation.
Electronic musicians share their original sounds and music at
Sampleswap
PodSafeAudio
Camtasia videos use Camstudio Lossless codec of Lame MP3 audio .avi file compression at 22050 Hz 32 kbps ABR, Mono 4KB/s.
Most software support more flexible MP3 ID3v2 as well as the more widely compatible ID3v1 tags.
Liberated Syndication is a one-step shop that host podcasts and
takes care of blogging, iTunes, RSS, etc.
all for $30 a month with no bandwidth limit.
The octave of Western music is subdivided into 12 notes equally spaced on a logarithmic scale, beginning with 220 Hz.
| Note in Octave | - |
Frequency Hertz (Hz) |
|---|---|---|
| A | La | 220 = 220 . 20/12 |
| A# | - | 233 = 220 . 21/12 |
| B | Te | 247 = 220 . 22/12 |
| Middle C | Do | 262 = 220 . 23/12 |
| C# | - | 277 = 220 . 24/12 |
| D | Re | 294 = 220 . 25/12 |
| D# | - | 311 = 220 . 26/12 |
| E | Mi | 330 = 220 . 27/12 |
| F | Fa | 349 = 220 . 28/12 |
| F# | - | 370 = 220 . 29/12 |
| G | So | 392 = 220 . 210/12 |
| G# | - | 415 = 220 . 211/12 |
| A | La | 440 = 220 . 212/12 |
| B | Te | 494 |
| C | Do | 523 |
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$10 Conquercam and
$39 digi-watcher periodically captures and FTPs images to websites. Its
many features include a motion detector that can email
an .avi movie of the movements detected.
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File Types
To publish video files in CVD or SVCD format
to a folder named MPEG2 or MPEGAV on a CD in Adobe Premier,
use menu item Export Timeline > MPEG.
But note 
Unlike previous versions, Windows XP does not come with a DVD codec.
Resolve this problem by installing a RealOne player or other 
downloaded from cnet.com
Not all DVD players support the SVCD format.
If you use stills in Adobe Premiere, enable "Optimize Stills" (off by default) in
cinema verite —a French phrase meaning "cinema truth",
for the art of film so as to convey candid realism.
